Hydrogen 1.0, an Open Weight Science Model Built on GLM 5.3, Scores 38.3% on FrontierScience Research Versus GPT 6 Astra's 33.3%, Its Makers Say
We’re introducing Hydrogen-1.0, our first open-weight model for scientific research. We post-trained GLM-5.3 (@Zai_org) on our internal scientific data, lab records, and discovery trajectories. It scores 38.3% on FrontierScience-Research vs GPT-6-Astra’s 33.3% and scores 93.0% on GPQA-Diamonds. We believe science should be open, collaborative, and democratized, rather than proprietary. Only open weights let researchers inspect, adapt and build on the unprecedented speed of AI growth. There are many recent models named by chemical elements, but we believe Hydrogen-1.0 is the first aiming towards and open scientific superintelligence for discovery. 🧵
Context
An open weight model that tops a frontier closed model on research grade science would let labs inspect and adapt a strong scientific AI instead of renting one.
GLM 5.3 is an open weight model from Zhipu's Z.ai. FrontierScience is a benchmark of difficult science questions, with a Research track meant to test open ended research problems, and GPQA Diamond is a widely used set of graduate level science questions. Chenru Duan (@chenru_duan) is a researcher leading the Hydrogen team.
Deep dive
Chenru Duan (@chenru_duan) announced on Nov 2 Hydrogen 1.0, which the post calls the team's first open weight model for scientific research.
According to the post, the team post trained GLM 5.3 from Z.ai (@Zai_org) on its internal scientific data, lab records and discovery trajectories. It says Hydrogen 1.0 scores 38.3% on FrontierScience Research against GPT 6 Astra's 33.3%, and 93.0% on GPQA Diamond. These figures are the team's own claims and had not been reproduced by an independent evaluator at the time of posting. The post does not say whether GPT 6 Astra was run with the same settings or tools.
The post makes an argument for openness. It says science should be open, collaborative and democratized rather than proprietary, and that only open weights let researchers inspect, adapt and build on the speed of AI progress. It notes that several recent models are named after chemical elements, but says Hydrogen 1.0 is the first aiming toward an open scientific superintelligence for discovery.
The result, if it holds, is notable because FrontierScience Research is meant to measure harder, open ended tasks where closed frontier models have led. A post trained open model beating one of them would show how much domain data and research trajectories can add on top of a strong open base. It also extends the trend of Chinese open models such as GLM serving as the base for specialised Western and academic projects. The thread promises more details, including where the weights can be downloaded.
What to expect next
Watch for the weights, license and technical report, and for independent scores on FrontierScience and GPQA Diamond. Labs testing it on real research tasks will show whether the benchmark lead holds up. If it does, expect more science models built on open bases, and pressure on closed labs to show stronger research results of their own. Z.ai's own response, and whether it promotes Hydrogen as a GLM success story, is also worth watching.